What is Beowulf family history?

      Beowulf, one of the most famous epic poems in Old English literature, tells the story of a heroic warrior who embarks on noble quests to protect his people from monstrous creatures. Composed in the early medieval period, Beowulf provides a window into the cultural values, heroic ideals, and complex social dynamics of the time. While the epic primarily focuses on Beowulf's feats of strength and valor, his family history plays a significant role in shaping his character and actions throughout the narrative.

      Exploring Beowulf's family history allows us to gain deeper insights into the motivations, obligations, and alliances that influenced the legendary hero. Family ties and kinship were of paramount importance in the societies of the time, and understanding Beowulf's lineage sheds light on the social structures and power dynamics prevalent in the poem. Additionally, Beowulf's family history provides a context for his heroic quests and reveals the enduring legacy of his actions through subsequent generations.

      In this blog, we will delve into Beowulf's family history, starting with an examination of his ancestry, including his father Ecgtheow and the mysterious absence of his mother in the narrative. We will then explore Beowulf's affiliation with the Geats and the Scylding dynasty, analyzing their historical significance and the impact of these connections on Beowulf's role in the epic. Furthermore, we will discuss the role of kinship in Beowulf's quests, examining his motivations and obligations as a warrior and his interactions with key characters. 

    The blog will also delve into the legacy and inheritance of Beowulf's heroic deeds, the impact of his lineage on subsequent generations, and the unanswered questions and interpretations surrounding his family history.

The Ancestry of Beowulf

   A. Beowulf's father: Ecgtheow

      Beowulf's father, Ecgtheow, is a prominent figure in the epic, despite his limited appearances. Ecgtheow is described as a noble warrior who hails from the land of the Geats. He is mentioned in the opening lines of the poem as the father of Beowulf and is later called upon to aid the Danes in their struggle against the fearsome monster Grendel. Ecgtheow's willingness to come to the aid of another kingdom demonstrates his bravery and sense of honor.

      The background and origins of Ecgtheow are not extensively explored in Beowulf. While the poem does not provide a detailed account of Ecgtheow's lineage or upbringing, it is evident that he is highly respected among the Geats and is considered a noble and valiant warrior. The fact that his son, Beowulf, inherits these qualities suggests that courage and honor were valued traits within their family.

   B. Beowulf's mother: Unknown

      Surprisingly, Beowulf's mother remains unnamed and largely absent from the narrative. Her absence has puzzled scholars and led to various speculations and theories regarding her identity and significance. Some argue that Beowulf's mother's omission reflects the patriarchal nature of the society in which the poem was composed, where male lineage and heroic exploits were prioritized. Others suggest that her absence serves a narrative purpose, allowing Beowulf to stand as a symbol of heroism and masculinity without the influence of a maternal figure.

      Despite the lack of information about Beowulf's mother, her absence should not overshadow the importance of the women depicted in the epic. Characters such as Queen Wealhtheow and Grendel's mother play significant roles in shaping the narrative and showcasing the power dynamics between genders in the medieval society portrayed in the poem.

Geats and the Scylding Dynasty

   A. Beowulf's affiliation with the Geats

      Beowulf's strong ties to the Geats, a tribe inhabiting what is now modern-day Sweden, greatly influence his actions and motivations throughout the epic. Geatland, the kingdom ruled by Hygelac, Beowulf's uncle, serves as a significant backdrop for the events in the poem. Beowulf's unwavering loyalty to his people is evident when he travels from Geatland to aid the Danes in their time of need.

      Geatland, with its rich history and strategic location, played a crucial role in the geopolitical landscape of the time. The Geats were known for their military prowess and were frequently engaged in conflicts and alliances with neighboring tribes and kingdoms. Beowulf's affiliation with the Geats highlights the importance of tribal identity and the interconnectedness of the various Germanic tribes during this era.

   B. The Scylding dynasty

      The Scylding dynasty, rulers of the Danes, holds a significant position in Beowulf's family history. Hrothgar, the king of the Danes, plays a pivotal role in the epic as both a mentor and a father figure to Beowulf. Hrothgar's kingdom is plagued by the monstrous Grendel, and it is Beowulf's ambition to rid the Danes of this terror that propels the central conflict of the poem.

      The Scylding dynasty traces its lineage back to Scyld Scefing, a legendary figure believed to be the founder of the dynasty. Scyld Scefing's mysterious arrival in a ship as a child and his subsequent rise to power provide an air of myth and legend to the Scyldings' history. The Scyldings, like the Geats, have a rich cultural heritage and are deeply rooted in the traditions and customs of their people.

The Role of Kinship in Beowulf's Quests

   A. Beowulf's motivations and obligations as a warrior

      Beowulf's actions and quests are driven not only by his personal ambitions but also by his deep sense of loyalty and duty towards his family and tribe. As a warrior, Beowulf is bound by the code of comitatus, a reciprocal relationship between a lord and his followers. This code dictates that warriors must be loyal, courageous, and willing to lay down their lives for their lord and kin.

      Beowulf's motivations are often tied to familial obligations and the desire to honor his ancestors. He feels a deep sense of responsibility to protect his people from harm and seeks to avenge past deeds, such as the murders committed by Grendel and his mother. The themes of revenge and honor are intertwined with Beowulf's understanding of his familial and societal roles.

   B. Beowulf's interactions with other characters

      Within the epic, Beowulf's kinship and familial ties influence his interactions with other characters, particularly Hrothgar and Wiglaf. Hrothgar, as the king of the Danes and a father figure to Beowulf, represents an idealized version of a wise and respected leader. Beowulf seeks Hrothgar's guidance and approval, and their relationship is characterized by mutual respect and admiration.

      Wiglaf, a young warrior and kinsman of Beowulf, emerges as a significant character towards the end of the poem. When Beowulf faces his final battle against the dragon, it is Wiglaf who stands by his side, demonstrating the importance of kinship and loyalty even in the face of adversity. Wiglaf's actions underscore the ideals of comitatus and the continuation of heroic lineage.

Legacy and Inheritance

   A. Beowulf's impact on subsequent generations

      Beowulf's heroic deeds and their consequences reverberate through subsequent generations, shaping the legacy and reputation of his family. The epic poem itself serves as a testament to the enduring fame of Beowulf and his descendants. The exploits and valor of Beowulf are celebrated in the oral tradition, ensuring that his name and reputation live on in the collective memory of his people.

      Beowulf's actions also have tangible effects on the political landscape. Following Beowulf's death, his cousin Wiglaf assumes the throne of the Geats, symbolizing the continuation of Beowulf's legacy and the passing of power within the family. The descendants of Beowulf, including his son Heardred, play significant roles in subsequent conflicts and alliances, leaving their own mark on the world.

   B. Beowulf's heirs and their historical significance

      The historical significance of Beowulf's heirs extends beyond the boundaries of the epic poem. The genealogical connections between the characters in Beowulf and historical figures of the time provide a link between the legendary events of the poem and the real-world power structures. While the poem blurs the line between history and myth, the presence of historical figures adds depth and complexity to the narrative.

      For example, Beowulf's uncle Hygelac, who is mentioned in the epic, is believed to have been a historical figure. Hygelac was a king of the Geats and is recorded in historical accounts as having raided Frisia, a region in present-day Netherlands. The inclusion of such figures in the poem intertwines the mythic and historical realms, blurring the boundaries between legend and reality.

Unanswered Questions and Interpretations

   A. Gaps in Beowulf's family history

      Despite the rich tapestry of Beowulf's family history, there are gaps and unanswered questions that continue to fuel speculation and scholarly debates. The scarcity of information about Beowulf's mother, in particular, leaves room for various interpretations and theories regarding her identity and significance. Scholars have proposed that her absence may be a deliberate narrative choice or a reflection of societal values at the time.

      Additionally, the limited details provided about Beowulf's extended family and lineage leave room for speculation. The poem hints at connections to other tribes and regions, but these connections are not fully explored. The lack of historical records from the time further complicates efforts to piece together the complete family history of Beowulf.

   B. Different interpretations of Beowulf's family narrative

      The story of Beowulf's family history has been subject to diverse interpretations, reflecting the evolving perspectives of scholars and the adaptability of the epic across time and cultures. From psychological analyses that explore the influence of family dynamics on Beowulf's character to symbolic interpretations that assign allegorical meanings to his familial relationships, a range of scholarly lenses has been applied to understand the complexities of Beowulf's family narrative.

      Moreover, modern adaptations of Beowulf in literature, film, and other mediums often reinterpret the family history of the hero, bringing new dimensions and perspectives to the fore. These adaptations not only reflect contemporary concerns but also highlight the enduring appeal and relevance of Beowulf's family history as a narrative framework.

Conclusion

   A. Recap of key points discussed in the blog

      In this blog, we embarked on a journey to unravel Beowulf's family history, recognizing its significance in understanding the motivations and actions of the legendary hero. We explored the role of Beowulf's father, Ecgtheow, and the enigmatic absence of his mother in the narrative. We delved into Beowulf's affiliation with the Geats and the Scylding dynasty, recognizing the impact of these connections on his character and quests. 

We examined the role of kinship in Beowulf's actions and interactions with other characters, highlighting the ideals of loyalty and obligation. We considered the legacy and inheritance of Beowulf's heroic deeds, tracing the impact through subsequent generations. We acknowledged the gaps and unanswered questions in Beowulf's family history and the diverse interpretations that exist within the scholarly discourse.

   B. Importance of exploring Beowulf's family history for a comprehensive understanding of the epic

      Understanding Beowulf's family history is essential for gaining a comprehensive understanding of the epic poem. It allows us to delve deeper into the cultural and social dynamics of the time, recognizing the importance of kinship and familial obligations in shaping the heroic narrative. Exploring Beowulf's lineage also provides insights into the historical context and interconnections between myth and history within the poem.

   C. Encouragement to delve further into the rich tapestry of Beowulf's lineage

      The exploration of Beowulf's family history is an invitation to further delve into the rich tapestry of the epic, engaging with the scholarly debates, interpretations, and adaptations that continue to breathe life into the story. By examining Beowulf's ancestry, connections, and the impact of his lineage on subsequent generations, we gain a deeper appreciation for the complexities of the heroic narrative and its enduring relevance.

What are important historical facts about the Beowulf manuscript?

The Beowulf manuscript is an ancient and significant piece of literature that holds immense historical and cultural value. It is a manuscript copy of the Old English epic poem, Beowulf, which tells the story of a heroic warrior who battles monsters and dragons. Studying the Beowulf manuscript provides valuable insights into the Anglo-Saxon period, the evolution of the English language, and the cultural and societal aspects of the time. 

In this blog post, we will explore the important historical facts surrounding the Beowulf manuscript and delve into its discovery, physical characteristics, composition, historical context, language and style, preservation and translation, themes and symbolism, as well as its influence and legacy.

Discovery and Physical Characteristics

The Beowulf manuscript was discovered in the 18th century by a scholar named Laurence Nowell. It was found in the collection of manuscripts of Sir Robert Bruce Cotton, an antiquarian and bibliophile. The manuscript, known as Cotton Vitellius A XV, is currently housed in the British Library in London. However, it has had a tumultuous history, including a fire in 1731 that damaged the manuscript and caused some sections to be lost forever.

The Beowulf manuscript is written on vellum, a material made from animal skin, and measures approximately 245 x 185 mm in size. It is bound in a volume along with other Old English texts. The manuscript contains 3402 lines of the Beowulf poem, written in the West Saxon dialect of Old English. It is written in a single column and utilizes a script known as Insular script, which was commonly used in the British Isles during the Anglo-Saxon period.

Despite the damage caused by the fire, the Beowulf manuscript remains a remarkable piece of historical significance. It provides a tangible connection to the past and offers insights into the literary and linguistic traditions of the Anglo-Saxon people.

Composition and Authorship

The Beowulf manuscript is believed to have been composed between the 8th and 11th centuries, although the exact date of its creation is uncertain. The poem itself is set in the Scandinavian region and reflects the oral storytelling traditions of the time. It is likely that the poem was originally composed and transmitted orally before being written down in its current form.

The authorship of Beowulf is a subject of much debate and speculation. The poem does not explicitly name its author, and scholars have put forward various theories regarding its origin. Some suggest that the poem may have been the work of a single poet, while others propose the possibility of multiple authors or a collaborative effort. The anonymous nature of the Beowulf manuscript adds to its intrigue and mystique, as it embodies the collective literary heritage of the Anglo-Saxon people.

In terms of influences and sources, Beowulf draws upon a variety of mythological and historical elements. The poem incorporates elements of Germanic heroic tradition, as well as references to Scandinavian folklore and legends. It also reflects the historical events and cultural practices of the time, providing glimpses into the warrior society and the complex relationships between kings and warriors.

Historical Context

To fully understand the historical significance of the Beowulf manuscript, it is essential to consider the context in which it was created. The poem is set in a time period known as the Anglo-Saxon period, which spans from the 5th to the 11th centuries in England. During this time, England was inhabited by various Germanic tribes, including the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes.

The Anglo-Saxon period was characterized by a warrior culture, with kings and nobles leading bands of loyal warriors into battle. The Beowulf manuscript provides valuable insights into the societal and cultural aspects of this period. It reflects the importance of kinship ties, the valorization of heroic deeds, and the role of fate and destiny in the lives of individuals.

Moreover, the poem also offers glimpses into the political and religious landscape of the time. It portrays the power struggles between different tribes and the influence of Christianity on the Anglo-Saxon society. The Beowulf manuscript serves as a historical document that sheds light on the complex interplay between pagan and Christian beliefs and practices during this transitional period.

Language and Style

One of the notable aspects of the Beowulf manuscript is its language, Old English. Old English, also known as Anglo-Saxon, was the language spoken by the Anglo-Saxon people during the early medieval period. It is a Germanic language that bears similarities to modern English but has distinct linguistic features.

The language of the Beowulf manuscript, specifically the West Saxon dialect, showcases the evolution of the English language. It contains a wealth of vocabulary and grammatical structures that are no longer in use today. The study of Old English through the Beowulf manuscript provides linguists and historians with valuable insights into the development of the English language.

In terms of style, the Beowulf manuscript is a poetic work composed in alliterative verse. Alliteration, the repetition of initial sounds in words, is a prominent feature of Old English poetry. The poem also utilizes other poetic devices, such as kennings (metaphorical expressions) and caesuras (pauses within a line), to enhance its rhythmic and musical qualities. The skillful use of language and poetic techniques in the Beowulf manuscript contributes to its artistic and literary value.

Preservation and Translation

Preserving and studying the Beowulf manuscript has presented numerous challenges throughout history. The manuscript's survival was threatened by the fire that damaged it in 1731. Additionally, the passage of time, exposure to various environmental factors, and the fragility of the vellum material have posed preservation challenges. Efforts have been made to carefully preserve the manuscript and ensure its long-term survival, including digitization projects that make it accessible to a wider audience.

The translation of the Beowulf manuscript has also played a crucial role in its preservation and study. Over the centuries, numerous scholars have undertaken the task of translating the Old English text into modern languages, allowing wider audiences to engage with the poem. Notable translators include J.R.R. Tolkien, Seamus Heaney, and many others. Each translation brings its own interpretation and style, contributing to the ongoing conversation and understanding of the Beowulf manuscript.

Translations have not only made the Beowulf manuscript accessible to non-specialists but have also facilitated scholarly analysis and interpretation. By comparing different translations, scholars can gain insights into the linguistic nuances and interpretive challenges of the original text. Translations have broadened the reach and impact of the Beowulf manuscript, ensuring its continued relevance in the modern world.

Themes and Symbolism

The Beowulf manuscript encompasses a range of themes and symbolism that provide deeper layers of meaning to the narrative. One of the central themes in Beowulf is heroism and the heroic code. The poem explores the qualities of a hero, such as bravery, loyalty, and honor, and delves into the challenges and rewards of living a heroic life. Beowulf, the titular character, embodies these ideals and serves as a model of heroism for future generations.

Another significant theme in the Beowulf manuscript is the inevitability of fate and the transience of life. The poem grapples with the concept of wyrd, or fate, and the idea that all human beings are subject to the whims of destiny. The fleeting nature of life is juxtaposed with the desire for fame and immortality, highlighting the existential dilemmas faced by the characters in the poem.

Symbolism is also prevalent in the Beowulf manuscript. For example, the monsters and creatures that Beowulf encounters, such as Grendel and the dragon, can be interpreted as symbolic representations of the inherent human struggles with evil and the unknown. The depiction of treasure and the hoarding of wealth throughout the poem symbolize the complex relationship between material possessions and power.

Influence and Legacy

The influence of the Beowulf manuscript extends far beyond its historical context. It has had a significant impact on subsequent literature and culture. Throughout history, writers and artists have drawn inspiration from the Beowulf story, adapting and reimagining it in various forms.

In the realm of literature, the Beowulf manuscript has influenced notable authors such as J.R.R. Tolkien, whose works were shaped by his deep knowledge and appreciation of Old English literature. The heroic themes, epic storytelling, and fantastical elements found in Beowulf can be seen echoed in Tolkien's works, particularly in The Lord of the Rings.

The Beowulf story has also permeated popular culture, with adaptations in film, theater, and even video games. These adaptations serve to introduce new audiences to the heroic tale and ensure its continued relevance and appeal.

Moreover, the Beowulf manuscript remains a vital source for scholars studying the Anglo-Saxon period, Old English language, and medieval literature. It offers insights into the cultural, societal, and historical aspects of the time and provides a foundation for understanding the development of English literature.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the Beowulf manuscript holds immense historical, literary, and cultural value. Its discovery, physical characteristics, composition, historical context, language and style, preservation and translation, themes and symbolism, as well as its influence and legacy, all contribute to its significance. The manuscript offers a window into the Anglo-Saxon period, the development of the English language, and the enduring power of heroic storytelling. By studying the Beowulf manuscript, we gain a deeper understanding of our past and a richer appreciation for the literary heritage it represents.

Why is Beowulf so important in history?

Beowulf, the legendary epic poem, holds a special place in history due to its profound impact on literature, culture, and our understanding of the past. The tale of the valiant Geatish warrior and his epic battles against supernatural creatures has captivated audiences for centuries. As one of the oldest surviving works of English literature, Beowulf stands as a testament to the rich literary heritage of early medieval Europe. 

Its themes of heroism, loyalty, and bravery have influenced countless authors and artists throughout the centuries. This blog post will explore the historical, literary, cultural, and archaeological significance of Beowulf, shedding light on why this ancient poem remains relevant and important today.

Historical Context of Beowulf

To appreciate the importance of Beowulf, it is essential to understand the historical context in which it was composed. Beowulf emerged during the early medieval period, in a time when Anglo-Saxon society thrived in the British Isles. Set in Scandinavia, the poem reflects the values and ideals of the Anglo-Saxon culture. It provides insights into their social structure, warrior-based society, and the role of kings and chieftains. The Anglo-Saxons had a strong oral tradition, and storytelling held a central place in their society. Beowulf, being an epic poem passed down through generations orally, exemplifies the importance of storytelling as a means of preserving history and cultural heritage.

Literary Significance

Beowulf is not only a remarkable work of literature, but it also holds immense importance as the oldest surviving epic in the English language. The poem showcases the skill and craftsmanship of the Anglo-Saxon poets, who composed intricate verses and employed complex poetic devices. Its influence on subsequent literature is undeniable. One of the most notable examples is J.R.R. Tolkien, renowned for his creation of Middle-earth in "The Lord of the Rings" series. 

Tolkien drew inspiration from Beowulf, particularly in his portrayal of heroic characters and the concept of the epic quest. Beowulf also had a significant impact on medieval and Renaissance literature, shaping the development of heroic narratives and influencing poets and playwrights such as Chaucer and Shakespeare. Furthermore, Beowulf's themes and motifs have permeated modern popular culture, with adaptations in film, television, and video games, showcasing its enduring appeal.

Cultural Significance

Beowulf is a treasure trove of Anglo-Saxon mythology and folklore. It offers a glimpse into the beliefs, customs, and values of the people of that time. Through the epic's characters and their actions, we gain an understanding of their ideals and aspirations. The poem celebrates heroism, honor, and loyalty, all highly regarded virtues in the Anglo-Saxon society. 

The character of Beowulf, with his unmatched strength and unwavering courage, embodies the heroic ideal. The poem also explores themes of fate, the transience of life, and the importance of kinship and community. Beowulf serves as a cultural artifact that provides a window into the past, allowing us to explore the mindset and worldview of the Anglo-Saxons.

Historical Significance

Beyond its literary and cultural value, Beowulf has historical significance as it offers insights into the early medieval period. The poem provides a glimpse into the social structure and hierarchy of the time. It portrays the hierarchical relationship between warriors and kings, highlighting the role of loyalty and honor in the society. The depiction of the mead-hall, Heorot, as a center of feasting and camaraderie, showcases the importance of hospitality and communal bonds. Moreover, Beowulf offers an intriguing blend of pagan and Christian elements. 

The poem was composed during a time of transition from paganism to Christianity in the Anglo-Saxon world. As such, it reflects the cultural and religious shifts of the period. Christian references are interwoven with pagan beliefs and practices, creating a complex tapestry of religious and cultural ideas. The inclusion of Christian elements in Beowulf, such as references to God and the concept of divine providence, provides a valuable historical record of the spread of Christianity and its assimilation into pagan cultures.

Scholarly Interpretations and Debates

Beowulf has been the subject of extensive scholarly study, leading to numerous interpretations and debates. Scholars have explored various aspects of the poem, such as its historical context, authorship, and dating. The author of Beowulf remains unknown, and theories range from attributing it to a single poet to a collaborative effort spanning generations. 

The dating of the poem also presents challenges, with estimates placing its composition between the 8th and 11th centuries. Scholars have delved into the characters, themes, and symbolism of Beowulf, offering different perspectives on their meanings and significance. The poem's rich and ambiguous nature allows for multiple interpretations, fueling ongoing discussions among academics and enthusiasts alike.

Archaeological and Historical Connections

While Beowulf is a work of fiction, it is intriguing to consider its potential historical basis. Some scholars speculate that the poem may have been inspired by actual events or figures from the early medieval period. Archaeological evidence, such as the discovery of ancient burial mounds and weapons, provides glimpses into the material culture of the time, aligning with the descriptions in Beowulf. 

Comparative analysis with other historical sources, such as Scandinavian sagas and medieval chronicles, offers additional insights into the world depicted in the poem. While the exact historical connections remain uncertain, exploring these links enhances our understanding of the historical context that shaped Beowulf.

Beowulf's Legacy

The enduring legacy of Beowulf is a testament to its importance in history. Within academia, Beowulf continues to be studied and analyzed, contributing to the fields of literature, history, and cultural studies. It serves as a cornerstone of English literature curricula, introducing students to the richness of the medieval period. Beowulf has also inspired numerous adaptations in various art forms. 

From film and television adaptations to theatrical productions and even opera, Beowulf's gripping narrative and larger-than-life characters have captured the imagination of audiences across different mediums. Its timeless themes of heroism, honor, and the struggle against evil continue to resonate with audiences of all ages.

Conclusion

Beowulf holds a significant place in history for several reasons. As the oldest surviving epic in English literature, it showcases the literary craftsmanship of the early medieval period. Its themes and characters have influenced generations of authors and artists, leaving an indelible mark on subsequent works. Culturally, Beowulf provides valuable insights into the beliefs, values, and traditions of the Anglo-Saxon society. 

The poem also offers glimpses into the historical context of the early medieval period, shedding light on social structures, religious transitions, and cultural changes. With ongoing scholarly debates and its enduring popularity, Beowulf continues to captivate audiences and remind us of the power of storytelling to preserve our past and shape our future.

Chlochilaicus was the king of the Geats

Many scholars had their own speculation that “Chlochilaicus” was Hygelac, the king of the Geats who was also portrayed in the poem “Beowulf”. What’s really interesting is that, Chlochilaicus had existed in the past as a real living person and not a fictional character. His existence has been recorded by a well-known historian, Gregory of Tours.

Since Hygelac had existed in the past, then all other characters from the poem Beowulf also probably existed in real life. If this would be the case then the poem could be considered as “based on true story” rather than a fantasy or fiction. Anyway, let’s just leave this subject to the scholars because it’s their job to uncover the truth about this mystery.

So let’s further dig down into the historical account that was recorded by Gregory of Tours about Chlochilaicus.

But before we proceed, I would first like to clarify that Chlochilaicus is an anonymous type of Latin name. It is similar to the name John Doe which is used by many to refer to a male person with unknown identity. But the difference is that, the name Chlochilaicus is more specifically used as reference for small kings or rulers.

The Raid of France under the king Chlochilaicus

Documented under the Gregory of Tours was the raid of France by the king Chlochilaicus. According to the record, the Scandinavian raiders had suddenly emerged out of nowhere from the Frankish Kingdom territories. The attack happened during the sixth century under the rulership of the Frank king, Theodericus I.

Was the Scandinavian raid successful?

Unfortunately, the Scandinavian king was killed. They never expected that there was an immediate military response that was led by Theodebertus, the son of Theodericus. As a result, king Chlochilaicus and his men got cornered and surely outnumbered. But instead of surrendering themselves, the Scandinavian king fought desperately on their way out for escape. As Viking warriors, they probably gave their best to fight back but still, they were in a huge disadvantage. So the king took a critical hit and died.

Despite the fall of the Viking king, still, there were plenty of his men who had managed to escaped and survived. They run back to their ships leaving the bodies of their fallen comrades which include their king and sailed back to where they came from.

The Remains of the Fallen Viking king

Since the Viking raid was very unsuccessful, the Franks managed to take back all the pillaged loots and spoils of the battlefield. But apart from those things, was the fallen corpse of the Viking king. When they searched his body, they interestingly found a Scandinavian monarch which confirmed that he was no doubt a king. Other than that, he was described a giant man due to his size and height.

As a custom tradition, barbarians were pagans deemed not worthy of any form of burial. Thus, the Franks had displayed the remains of the Scandinavian king for several days at the nearest Merovingian Court. This practice wasn’t actually just intended for the barbarians where it was more about a custom as a triumphal trophy. Thus, they perform this customary exhibition on every victorious battle that they accomplished.

Proofs that Chlochilaicus was the Scandinavian king Hygelac

To make everything short, there was actually no solid proof that the Scandinavian king Hygelac was the fallen Chlochilaicus who led the raids against France. Even the Scandinavian monarch that they got from the fallen king, it does not provide any clue that he was Hygelac.

The only main reason why many scholars had insisted that the Chlochilaicus king was Hygelac was due to their close estimated time or year of death. Based from the Beowulf poem, Hygelac died on the year 516 while the Scandinavian king who raided France died on 512. By comparing those years, there is only 4 years period of difference.

Due to the close year of estimated deaths of the two kings, it does make sense to speculate that the two kings were the same person. However, there are still too many possibilities for the scholars to consider before they can derive a convincing conclusion.

Background Info on Beowulf

The story of Beowulf typically about his background is full of mystery because the original poem is incomplete. You may even be surprised to know that the author remains unknown and still being debated by many scholars.

If we are going to take a closer look into the background being portrayed by the poem, there are two main things that you should be able to notice. The background either shows true historical events or religious belief towards Christianity.

The Background Historical Events

The story is filled with many historical events. It mainly portrayed a kingdom in the ancient period of time known by many scholars to be situated on the southern region of Sweden-Denmark today.

Illustrated by the poem were people living on a tribe where kingdoms were currently at war with one another.

The old king of Danes, Hrothgar had actually been into many battles which was either defending his territory or conquering other kingdoms. Although, we still don’t know much how great he was as a king during his reign.

When Beowulf entered the scene, he do not belonged to the same tribe. He wasn’t from Danes but from another land from the south and their tribe was known as “Geats or Geatas”. The animated 2007 Beowulf movie had shown that the adventurer along with his brave army had to travel into the sea just to get into Danes.

Aside from the people around, the poem also made some clear illustration regarding about their cultures. When they were going to celebrate a certain special occasion, the king will throw out a party for everyone. They will butcher a lot of meats and drink boisterously at the Mead Hall throughout the whole night. Unfortunately, by doing this, they get to disturbed a monster who hate loud noises.

Speaking about the Mead Hall, king Hrothgar was the one who ordered for this structure to be built. Many scholars theorized that it probably stood on the island known today as, “Sjaeland” which is situated near the coast of Denmark.

There are many other historical events portrayed into the poem, although it requires a scholarly keen mind in order to be able to identify them.

Introduction to Christianity

Christianity is also one aspect of the background story where it was being first introduced to the tribe. Beowulf’s characteristics already involves his strong faith with God which gives him the super inhuman strength allowing him to overcome the odds on all of his adventures.

If you are a Christian and you are familiar about “Samson” who was portrayed in the Bible’s Holy Scripture, the “Book of Judges” (Chapters 13 to 16), there are somewhat kind of similarities to their characteristics.

Since we already started mentioning characters from the Bible, let’s also talk about “Cain”. This person was actually one of the sons of the very first man created by God, “Adam and Eve”. Apart from Cain was “Abel”.

Unfortunately, Cain had jealousy towards his brother due to the offering they made in pleasing God. This jealously turned into envy until to the extent of murdering his brother. To cut the story short, this was the start of all corruption by mankind where evil had spread through Cain’s descendants. His descendants were known as, “tribe of Cain”. And according to most scholars, Grendel and his mother belonged to this tribe.

Grendel and his mother were monsters who possess demonic powers which is not common when again compared to the written Holy Scriptures of the Bible. They are best compared to the creatures known as, “Nephilims”.

For those who does not know, Nephilims were the sons of the fallen angels by mating with the humans here on Earth. And in my own opinion, majority of the people who mated with them were the descendants of Cain. They were easy targets because they had turned themselves away from God.

The two monsters had been terrorizing king Hrothgar’s kingdom for a certain unknown period of time.

As I already stated above, the king had a lot of accomplishments particularly winning numerous battles during his reign. So the big question is, “Why can’t he get rid of the two monsters out from his land?”

You should already figure out that it has something to do with Christianity. If we are going to refer to the animated Beowulf movie, the villagers or the entire kingdom including the king himself were into pagan practices.

I still remember the scene from the film when the king was so desperately in need of help in trying to get rid of the monster Grendel. So Unferth recommended him to pray to the gods including the Christian God that was still newly being introduced on their nation.

Without any hesitation, the king agreed because according to him, they needed all the help that they can get. What I noticed about this part is that, they freely allowed Christianity on their nation unlike from other countries where they got banned and heavily persecuted.

This must be the reason why God gave them hope by sending a mighty slayer, Beowulf, to destroy Grendel and his mother.

Conclusion

Some background information about the Beowulf poem actually contain the missing piece that could clearly explain every debatable part of the story. You might be surprised to know that the original poem was written just on a single old manuscript.

Many scholars are theorizing that there are probably additional pages of the scriptures that had gotten lost through time.

Could it really gotten lost by carelessness or accident? Or, could it had been intentionally destroyed because it contains some vital information that can cause huge impact to the world when known?

Sad to say that we may never know.

Christianity VS Paganism in the Story of Beowulf

Paganism is a form of religion to whom the followers believe in many different gods and goddesses. Some of them even worship creatures or animals and even the nature. All their beliefs are in contrast against Christianity which is a religion where there is only one supreme God and the Creator of all things.

When it comes to the Beowulf story, most of the background events portrayed people who were pagans. It was the main reason why they can’t stop the evil monster Grendel from attacking their land, “Spare Dane”. Until, one brave Christian warrior guided by God came to their aid. And, he was no other than Beowulf.

Grendel from the Christian Bible

Grendel could be a “Nephilim” which perfectly fit the characteristics of these giant beings described in the verse of Genesis. Nephilims were giant disfigured human beings similar to Grendel and they were man-eaters. Although, these Nephilims were the sons of the “Fallen Angels” while Grendel according to the old poem was the descendant of “Cain”.

Who is Cain?

Cain has a brother named, “Abel”. With jealousy to his brother, Cain murdered Abel and even lied to God about his crime. So he was punished where he became a “fugitive and wanderer”.

Although, Grendel’s mother offers a lot of mysteries that many scholars are even clueless especially about her true physical appearance. Her name can’t even be found or revealed on the entire original script. In my own personal opinion, she could be “Lilith” – the first women created by God before “Eve”.

Going back to Grendel, the story illustrated this monster as brutally ruthless who enjoyed killing people for fun and even fed on their flesh. It shows violence, murder and cannibalism which are all pagan practices.

When he got slain by Beowulf, his mother sworn “revenge” which is another common practice by the pagans. The same thing goes to the dragon who had so much hatred towards the “Geats” where it laid waste to their entire kingdom.

A Pagan Society

The story of Beowulf probably began at the time when Christianity was first being introduced to Hearot’s pagan society. Instead of a prophet or messenger, God sent them a brave adventurer who influenced the entire kingdom.

In the Beowulf 2007 animated movie, it is a film where paganism is a lot more portrayed. Beowulf didn’t give any credits to the Christian God when he fought and slain the sea creatures, Grendel and the dragon. Instead, he shouts his name Beowulf which is a display of pride and selfishness.

Although somewhere near the end of the movie right when he confronted the “Frisian Leader”, he mentioned “the gods” were always protecting him. The gods is plural where he was probably referring to the pagan gods.

Christian God in the Original Poem

In the original Beowulf manuscript, Beowulf was a man who has a strong faith with the Christian God. He even has the habit of acknowledging God as his protector for being able to overcome the impossible odds.

The hero could have actually been defeated when he fought Grendel’s mother. He just got lucky that there was an ancient sword hanging on the wall in which he grabbed and used it against his foe and won the battle. But to Beowulf, this was no mere luck but God was the one who provided that sword for him to use.

Moreover, the Boewulf poem seems to have been derived from the first book of the Bible Genesis. If you are just going to conduct a further research and study comparing the two, you will figure out some similarities but only described in a much far different manner.

Date of Publication when Beowulf was written

The story of Beowulf has inspired many of its readers and that includes me. This is the reason why it has drawn so many curious individuals about the entirety of the poem which goes to the extent of knowing about when was it published.

Beowulf is actually an ancient poem written in an old single manuscript which miraculously survive time until today. Although, the date of its publication is not mentioned on the manuscript. The only hints are the events describe on its contents.

Scholars often comes into a huge debate when it comes to this topic. But according to the majority, the publication date of the poem falls somewhere in between the 500 to 700 AD. While some says, it is within the 700 to 1000 AD. Regardless about what scholars’ speculation about the date, there is still no solid proof that can provide support to those dates. And, this is what we are about to discuss on this post.

5th to 6th Centuries

The Beowulf original script became known in “Anglo-Saxon England” which according to the historical record, it was between the 8th to 11th centuries. But as I stated above, majority of scholars dated the creation of this poem somewhere around the 5th to 6th century.

Reading the story, the whole event took place in the ancient “Scandinavia”. Today, this place is now known as “Denmark”. So the big question is that, How did the Beowulf manuscript ended up in England?

Again, speculations come into play. They say that the Anglo-Saxon who inhabited Great Britain in the 5th century were the Geats’ descendant. Geats were the group of people who lived in the Spare Dane kingdom and was thoroughly the focus of the poem.

Thus, the actual event may had happened at around 400 to 500 AD then was it written down in the manuscript by the Anglo-Saxon on the 5th or 6th century.

Much Earlier than the 5th Century

Some scholars who argued against the date of publication stated above that when it comes to the exact creation of the poem, it could be a lot much earlier than the 5th century. The reason is that, people in the past create stories surrounding actual events directly out from their mouths.

The story must be quite interesting so that the listener would surely grasp every details. It was then passed down to the next generation by word-of-mouth until the ancient people discovered writing. Thus, it was finally put into a manuscript.

Again, we are not sure if the first written manuscript is the same copy that has survive its way to this date. There could be other several older copies that got re-written. This is a very common practice that even today, many authors rewrite older books in their own.

Therefore, we can say that the Beowulf poem was finally put into the manuscript at the 5th to 6th century. However, the date about when it was composed by the original author could possibly be much earlier than these time period.

Around 600 to 700 AD

Some scholars found a clue that could support their theory that the publication date of the manuscript fall in between 600 AD to 700 AD. The hint was the death of king “Hygelac”. Historian “Gregory of Tours” have recorded the event of the king’s attacked in the “Neatherlands” in 524 AD.

Basing from the date, the scholars were able to derive a closer estimate about Beowulf’s death which was likely after 580 AD. Thus, this gave them the conclusion that it was either at the 6th or 7th century.

Date of Birth and Death of Beowulf

Most people think about the Beowulf poem a “fantasy” which means, it isn’t real or all the events and characters portrayed didn’t really existed. On today’s day and age, who would actually believe in the existence of giant monsters like Grendel or a flying fire breathing dragon?

But during the “Dark Ages”, creatures like dragons, monsters and demons may actually had existed. No one really knows because there aren’t any historical records from this ancient period of time that can confirm about it. This means that the Beowulf poem can be a historical facts that transpired in the dark ages.

According to some scholar, Beowulf was probably born on the year 495. The basis was the year when “Hygelac” (his uncle) launched an attack on 520 against the Franks. But how?

It was assumed that Beowulf was at the young age of 20 which was the best age for a men to accomplish tremendous physical tasks or challenges. So this was his age when he entered Hrothgar’s kingdom to face Grendel and his mother which was on 515. Thus, 515 minus 20 gives us 495 as his birth date.

When it comes to the time of his death, there was a 50 years leap of time after succeeding Hrothgar’s throne. Beowulf was now old but he still bravely fought a dragon and was able to slain it. Unfortunately, he also died due to the poisoned wound inflicted by the dragon. At this period of time, he was probably at an age of 70 years old who died on 565.

Dates According to Archaeological Findings

Some researchers were able to locate the current location of Spare Danes’ throne on “Sjaelland Island at Lejre”. There, archaeologists did their job and they uncovered a lot of halls on the area dated to be around 500s. One of these halls could be the “Mead Hall” where Beowulf and Grendel fought against one another on a battle.

Lejre is at the eastern region of Denmark which was known as the central place like a capital where the most powerful Viking kingdoms was situated. This is the reason why most researchers claim that this site must be the exact place where the events took place on the Beowulf poem.

There are actually a total of 7 halls that the archaeologists discovered. Although, they all weren’t built on the same period of time. Perhaps, some of these structures got purposely torn down then rebuilt at a later time.

But what really caught their attention is the hall located at 500 meters away from the other halls. On this site, they had excavated countless numbers of animals that were killed and eaten at a massive feasts. It is an exact match from what has been described on the poem.

Since the archaeologists can only confirm the dates of the artifacts to be around 500s, we can speculate that Beowulf died near the 600 and was born close to 500. Anyway, let’s just hope that the archaeologist can uncover more relics that could enlighten us more with interesting information.